Fasting is also encouraged for six days in Shawwal, although it is not obligatory. Many Muslims fast on this day, and Shia Muslims often commemorate it with ritualized mourning. It is also the day the Prophet’s grandson, Hussein, was martyred. For example, the tenth of the first month, Muharram, is traditionally understood to be the day that Moses and the Children of Israel were saved from Pharaoh. There are other specific days that have particular significance to Muslims. The second holy celebration, Eid al-Adha, takes place after the pilgrimage. Dhul-Hija, the twelfth and final month, is the prescribed time for the pilgrimage, Hajj. The beginning of the next month, Shawwal, is Eid al Fitr, one of two important holy celebrations in Islam. The ninth month of the year is Ramadan, a month of fasting and piety. What are the most important dates in the calendar? With the advent of modern technology, there has been some disagreement on whether it is necessary to view the moon with one’s eyes. It is only necessary for one Muslim in the community to spot the moon. If the crescent is not spotted, then the new month starts after the thirtieth day. If the new crescent is spotted on the twenty-ninth day, then the new month begins on the next day. How is the timing of the Islamic calendar decided?Įvery month is either 29 or 30 days. Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the days change relative to the Gregorian calendar. It is called the Hijri calendar, because it begins with the year of the Prophet’s migration (in Arabic, Hijra) from Mecca, his birthplace, to Medina, a city where he was the leader and from which Islam grew and spread. The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar used by Muslims around the world to determine the timing of important religious observations such as Ramadan and Hajj. No other leap days or months are intercalated, so that the named months do not remain in the same seasons but retrogress through the entire solar, or seasonal, year (of about 365.25 days) every 32.5 solar years.A lunar month starts with a new moon and lasts through all the moon phases until the next new moon. Thus, the year has either 354 or 355 days. In 11 years of this cycle, Dhū al-Ḥijjah has 30 days, and in the other 19 years it has 29. The months are alternately 30 and 29 days long except for the 12th, Dhū al-Ḥijjah, the length of which is varied in a 30-year cycle intended to keep the calendar in step with the true phases of the moon. Each month begins approximately at the time of the new moon. (Most countries now use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes.) It is based on a year of 12 months: Muḥarram, Ṣafar, Rabīʿ al-Awwal, Rabīʿ al-Thānī, Jumādā al-Awwal, Jumādā al-Thānī, Rajab, Shaʿbān, Ramaḍān (the month of fasting), Shawwāl, Dhū al-Qaʿdah, and Dhū al-Ḥijjah. Islamic calendar, also called Hijrī calendar or Muslim calendar, dating system used in the Islamic world for religious purposes.
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